Cladus: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Divisio: Magnoliophyta
Classis: Magnoliopsida
Ordo: Nymphaeales
Familiae: Cabombaceae - Nymphaeaceae - Hydatellaceae

Name

Nymphaeales Dumort., 1829

Synonyms

Barclayales Euryalales Hydatellales Hydropeltidales

References

* Dumort., (1829) Analyse des Familles de Plantes: 53.
* Saarela et al., (2007) Nature 446: 312-315

Vernacular names
Internationalization
Dansk: Nøkkerose-ordenen
Deutsch: Seerosenartige
Magyar: Tündérrózsák
日本語: スイレン目
Lietuvių: Lūgniečiai
Nederlands: Waterlelie-achtigen
Polski: Grzybieniowce
Русский: Нимфейные
ไทย: หมวดหมู่:บัว
Українська: Лататтєцвіті
Tiếng Việt: Bộ Súng
中文: 睡莲目

Nymphaeales is an order of plants, which consists of water lilies and other aquatic plants.

This order is considered to be a basal, or early diverging, group of angiosperms. The families of this order are united by being families of aquatic herbs and are known from the fossil record as early as the Lower Cretaceous.

Fossils

The fossil record consists especially of seeds, and also pollen, stems, leaves, and flowers. It extends back to the Cretaceous.[1][2]

It is possible that the aquatic plant fossil Archaefructus belongs to this group.[3]

The family Cambombaceae is included within the Nymphaeaceae in the APG II system, but may optionally be recognized separately.

Cronquist

The Cronquist system, of 1981, placed it in subclass Magnoliidae, in class Magnoliopsida [=dicotyledons] of division Magnoliophyta [=angiosperms]. It used this circumscription:

* order Nymphaeales

* family Nelumbonaceae
* family Nymphaeaceae
* family Barclayaceae
* family Cabombaceae
* family Ceratophyllaceae

Thorne (1992)

The Thorne system (1992) placed it in superorder Nymphaeanae in subclass Magnoliideae [=dicotyledons] in class Magnoliopsida [=angiosperms]. It used this circumscription:

* order Nymphaeales

* family Cabombaceae
* family Nymphaeaceae

Dahlgren

The Dahlgren system placed it in superorder Nymphaeanae, in subclass Magnoliideae [=dicotyledons], in class Magnoliopsida [=angiosperms]. It used this circumscription:

* order Nymphaeales

* family Cabombaceae
* family Nymphaeaceae
* family Ceratophyllaceae

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group

This order was not part of the APG II system's 2003 plant classification (unchanged from the APG system of 1998), which instead had a broadly circumscribed family Nymphaeaceae (including Cabombaceae) unplaced in any order. A 2007 study found that Hydatellaceae belongs to this group.[4] The APG III system did separate Cabombaceae from Nymphaeaceae and place them in the order Nymphaeales together with Hydatellaceae.

References

1. ^ "Nymphaeales: Fossil Record". University of California Museum of Paleontology. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/anthophyta/paleoherbs/nymphfr.html.
2. ^ Else Marie Friis, Kaj Raunsgaard Pedersen and Peter R. Crane (15 March 2001). "Fossil evidence of water lilies (Nymphaeales) in the Early Cretaceous". Nature 410 (6826): 357–360. doi:10.1038/35066557. PMID 11268209.
3. ^ Soltis, D. E.; Bell, CD; Kim, S; Soltis, PS (published June 2008). "The Year in Evolutionary Biology 2008". Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1133: 3–25. doi:10.1196/annals.1438.005. PMID 18559813. http://www.annalsnyas.org/cgi/content/abstract/1133/1/3.
4. ^ Saarela et al; Rai, HS; Doyle, JA; Endress, PK; Mathews, S; Marchant, AD; Briggs, BG; Graham, SW (2007). "Hydatellaceae identified as a new branch near the base of the angiosperm phylogenetic tree". Nature 446 (7133): 312–5. doi:10.1038/nature05612. PMID 17361182.

* Simpson, M.G. Plant Systematics. Elsevier Academic Press. 2006.